Several weeks after students returned to Canyon Charter Elementary School following the Los Angeles fires in January, a second grade student at the school cried as his teacher packed up an absent friend鈥檚 belongings.

鈥淲hat are you doing with this stuff?鈥� the student asked, his grief ongoing, and mounting.

Katje Davis said it was difficult to explain that his friend was displaced by the Palisades fire and had to move to another school.

鈥淭his loss was hard,鈥� Davis said. 鈥淏ut 鈥� we鈥檙e good teachers here. And we鈥檝e figured out how to put the kids first.鈥�

The second grader was one of hundreds who left the Los Angeles Unified School District, which lost two elementary schools to the fires, and the Pasadena Unified School District, which encompasses Altadena, and was the hardest hit.

And as the academic year comes to an end, teachers, administrators and experts have stressed that schools in areas affected by fires have remained a key source of stability, despite campuswide adjustments to a new normal and the ongoing grief expressed by students, many of whom lost their homes, pets and communities. Five months after the fires, students were back on track, making progress academically and emotionally.

鈥淪chools provide a sense of continuity and safety for children,鈥� said Pedro Noguera, the Emery Stoops and Joyce King Stoops Dean of USC鈥檚 Rossier School of Education. 鈥淎nd, that鈥檚 why it鈥檚 so important to be in school.鈥�

鈥楴othing like Covid鈥�: Returning to normalcy

Despite losing some schools to the fire, Los Angeles Unified and Pasadena Unified were relatively quick to bring students back and resume classes at their new locations. Many students returned by the end of January.

The schools that burned down were relocated to new campuses, so students could stay with the same campus community, classroom, classmates and teachers.

Parents at Canyon Charter Elementary were concerned about environmental risks, according to Davis, and many kept their kids home until the district completed a Soil and Indoor Air Dust Report in late March.

In the months following the Eaton and Palisades fires, students who lived in impacted communities dealt with different circumstances and missed varying amounts of instruction. Some initially seemed happy to be back with their teacher and classmates; others struggled emotionally.

鈥淭his is nothing like Covid 鈥� because at Covid times, everybody was in the same boat,鈥� Davis said. Her school was in a unique position 鈥� they were the closest to the burn zone but did not perish. They also didn鈥檛 have running water until mid-March.

Wendy Connor, a veteran first grade teacher at Marquez Charter Elementary School, which did burn down in Palisades, said the initial days and weeks after they resumed in January at Nora Sterry Elementary were geared toward students鈥� emotional well-being.

Teachers started marking tardies in mid-February, she said, and she tried to cover only the essential parts of each lesson.

鈥淲e鈥檙e reading a story. We鈥檙e writing. We鈥檙e practicing spelling and writing sentences and things like that,鈥� Connor said in an interview with EdSource in February. 鈥淏ut, we鈥檙e just not doing it for as long as we normally would. If there鈥檚 five questions for them to answer, maybe I鈥檒l just have them do three.鈥�

As the weeks rolled on and students started to settle into their new environments, Connor said she felt she had been able to steer her first graders back into a more normal school day.

By May, most of the kids at Marquez Charter Elementary had settled down and were happy at their new location, Connor told EdSource.

鈥淭here鈥檚 been some stories of a few different students from different classrooms whose parents wanted them to go to a different school 鈥� and the kids just refused to go. They wanted to stay at Marquez.鈥�

The efforts at Pasadena Unified have yielded some surprising results, according to Julianne Reynoso, Pasadena Unified鈥檚 assistant superintendent of student wellness and support services.

Although 10,000 of the district鈥檚 14,000 students were evacuated from the Eaton fire, the district鈥檚 diagnostic assessments show that the number of students performing at or above grade level in math and reading across elementary and middle school has increased between the August/September and March/April assessment periods.

Specifically, the number of elementary students who performed at mid- or above-grade level rose 15 percentage points in math and 14 percentage points in reading.

Among middle schoolers, math scores rose by 11 percentage points and 6 percentage points in reading.

An LAUSD spokesperson said in an email to EdSource that they do not have any data measuring the impacts of the Palisades fire on students at Palisades Charter Elementary and Marquez Charter Elementary.

A changing landscape

In the final weeks of the spring semester, the school day looked similar to what it was before the fires, with one notable exception. Connor鈥檚 class is a lot smaller. Only 12 of her 20 students came back, and she made the most of the smaller class size.

鈥淲hen you have 20, you have to run around to like six different kids that need your help. When it鈥檚 only 12, it鈥檚 like two kids,鈥� Connor said. 鈥淎nd then we end up with extra time in the afternoon, and we鈥檙e starting to do some more coding activities 鈥� [and] other enrichment-type activities.鈥�

At least 89 students left Los Angeles Unified due to the fires, according to a district spokesperson, while Pasadena Unified lost roughly 420 students.

鈥淲e did have families that left us,鈥� Reynoso said. Other families maintained long-distance commutes to keep their kids in the same district school. 鈥淏ut what鈥檚 interesting about it is that they said, 鈥榃e鈥檒l be back. This is just temporary for us,鈥� I hope that鈥檚 true.鈥�

But the fires, coupled with fears around immigration enforcement, also led to an uptick in the district鈥檚 rate of chronic absenteeism.

At the same time, Reynoso said Los Angeles Unified unexpectedly gained 263 students. She speculates that this could be the result of a California executive order allowing students who were affected by the fires to attend schools in other districts.

But every fire is different.

According to Noguera from USC, many communities in Santa Rosa and Paradise that suffered losses after fires returned and rebuilt. However, he cautioned that a large-scale return of families might be less likely in Los Angeles.

鈥淣ot everybody who was there will come back or can afford to come back,鈥� he said. 鈥淚t鈥檚 a process that鈥檚 going to take time, and we will only know, with time, how it all comes together.鈥�

Located in the San Gabriel Valley of Los Angeles. was one of about a dozen Armenian schools in L.A. offering a faith-based education. Founded in 1980 by the Altadena鈥檚 Armenian evangelical community, the school serves more than 180 students from preschool through middle school.聽

It was one of the L.A. across the city over in what experts said could be . 

Hovhannes Halladjian, a local pastor, said when the school burned it was like losing a member of the family. But, he said, the community is determined to rebuild in a new location. 

鈥淪ahag-Mesrob Christian School was one of those schools that tried to do its best to teach the Christian and Armenian tradition and Christian values,” he said.聽聽聽

On the day the Sahag-Mesrob burned, Halladjian said he was in the area helping friends and relatives evacuate when he saw the school engulfed in flames.聽

Before he knew it, everything was gone.

Students in preschool through first grade have relocated to a nearby church, while second through eighth graders are temporarily holding classes at an Armenian cultural center in Pasadena. 

and fundraisers have been launched to support the school鈥檚 relocation effort, but rebuilding will be a long, difficult road. 

Ed Haroutonian, whose children attend Sahag-Mesrob, called the loss of the school heartbreaking.聽聽

Haroutonian, who serves on the school鈥檚 board of directors, said Sahag-Mesrob was a center of culture and religious faith for Altadena鈥檚 Armenian community.聽

鈥淗aving two kids in private school is a big sacrifice for us, but it鈥檚 worth every penny to have our kids in,鈥� a place, Haroutonian said, where students 鈥渓earn what our faith is about and our culture.鈥�

Although it is Christian, Sahag-Mesrob is a non-denominational school with no affiliation to any church. Its mission is to provide an education within an Armenian heritage and cultural setting.

Vania Agojian, whose daughter Zoey attends Sahag-Mesrob, said she decided to send her daughter to the school because of its legacy, community, and religious foundation.聽

鈥淎 lot of these public schools, when there鈥檚 like so many students, sometimes they lose touch with the kids,鈥� Agojian said.

She said Sahag-Mesrob is more than just a school, but a place where generations of Armenians have built a community.

鈥淚n Zoey鈥檚 class right now鈥 knew their parents when (they) were that young,鈥� Agojian said. 鈥淚t鈥檚 just really neat to see generations of students that have come through.鈥�

She said the fact that Armenians have experienced genocide because of their religious beliefs has strengthened their commitment to preserving their faith, traditions and religious-based education.

The community has suffered more than just the loss of its school. The wildfires destroyed vast swaths of Altadena, including residential blocks where many Armenian families lived, Agojian said. 

鈥淚 know at least a dozen families at Sahag-Mesrob, if not more, [that] have lost their homes,鈥� she said. 鈥淲e have students who have lost not only their school, but their homes, their safe havens.鈥�

This article is part of a collaboration between 社区黑料 and the USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism.

His neighbors said his house was burning down in the wildfires 鈥� along with his entire Altadena neighborhood of Los Angeles.

Aveson School of Leaders, which McFeat runs and where his kids attended school just three blocks from his house, was also burning.

Unable to sleep, Mcfeat drove away from his in-law鈥檚 house that he鈥檇 been evacuated to and made the drive back to Altadena.

He drove through the fire lines and into his neighborhood to see if he could salvage anything, save anyone, or put out the fires that had raged on the east side for more than 48 hours straight, and decimated the Palisades in the west. 

He was greeted with a scene out of a horror movie. Fueled by a violent windstorm and piles of brush left from a particularly wet winter last year, the firestorm was like a tornado shooting flames, blasting through his neighborhood.

鈥淚t was like driving through a bomb scene,鈥� said Mcfeat. 鈥淭here were homes exploding. I probably shouldn鈥檛 have been there.鈥� 

Despite the devastating losses, Mcfeat can鈥檛 imagine not rebuilding his home and school right where they were in Altadena. But the road to recovery will be a long and painful one.

鈥淣o doubt about it. We are going to rebuild,鈥� said Mcfeat. Aveson . At this point, a new site for the school has not been identified. The district hasn鈥檛 been able to help them yet.

鈥淚 don鈥檛 know what we鈥檙e going to do,鈥� said Mcfeat.

The wildfires that burned Los Angeles this month are , displacing more than 150,000 residents and killing at least 25 people. Two massive blazes fed by windstorms, the Palisades Fire and the Eaton Fire, simultaneously scorched the city from the sea to the mountains, filling the air with vast plumes of ash and smoke.

As the wind and flames began to retreat last week, and firefighters gained control of the fires, schools began to reopen. And the kids began to return to class.

The Los Angeles Unified School District, which is by far the largest district of about 80 in Los Angeles County,  after being totally closed since last Thursday. Seven schools remain shut because they鈥檙e located in evacuation zones. Another three won鈥檛 reopen because their buildings were badly burned or destroyed in the fires.  

Dozens of much smaller districts in Los Angeles County also reopened this week, with the exceptions of two districts, , which encompasses Altadena, and , which neighbors Altadena to the west. 

The Eaton fire has destroyed at least five schools but was mostly contained by Friday. 

Kids from two of the LAUSD schools that burned in the Palisades, Marquez Charter Elementary School and Palisades Charter Elementary School, were placed, with intact school rosters, in close-ish LAUSD school buildings that already had other schools in them.

The students who attended the burned schools were given their own entrances, classrooms and courtyards for kids to play. When parents dropped them off at class this week, there were a lot of tearful reunions.

Families from Palisades Charter were somber, but excited to return to normalcy with their new space located inside of Brentwood Science Magnet School.  

Joseph Koshki, a parent from the Palisades whose son attends third grade at Palisades Charter, walked holding hands with his son to their new classroom at Brentwood Science, which had been stacked with balloons.

鈥淲hen he saw his school burned on the news he was crying for days,鈥� Koshki said of his child. 鈥淏ut when he heard that he was going to his new school with his old friends, he was so happy鈥�.

Nina Belden, a parent of a Palisades Charter student who had made an emergency evacuation from her house in the Palisades with her family, said it was important for the students at her daughter鈥檚 school to stay together and receive in-person instruction.

鈥淲e were worried they were going to do something like remote learning,鈥� said Beldon.

, which also burned in the Palisades fire, has a long history in the community, having opened in 1955 when the Palisades still had a frontier feel, before the neighborhood became a favorite of Hollywood stars and media execs.

For Victoria Flores, who works as a paraeducator at Marquez, the school is part of her family. Flores went to Marquez when she was in elementary school, and her mother works in the cafeteria.

鈥淚t was my home away from home. We are devastated by what happened,鈥� Flores said.

But Flores said she and the rest of the staff were glad to be relocated together at a LAUSD school called Nora Sterry, about ten miles from the burned Marquez campus.

鈥淲e are a really close family,鈥� said Flores. 鈥淭hat鈥檚 helped us a lot.鈥�

Upstairs at Nora Sterry, Clare Gardner鈥檚 class had about eight of twenty students show up on the first day of relocation.

Her third-grade class was playing with clay and Mrs. Gardner, who is a twenty-seven-year veteran of Marquez, held back her tears as she helped students arrive into class.

鈥淲e always call it the Marquez family,鈥� Gardner said as the children greeted each other.

One boy in Mrs. Gardner鈥檚 class said he was happy to be around his friends and teacher but sad about his classroom fish and books, which were lost in the fire.

Later in the morning, LAUSD Superintendent Alberto Carvalho went to visit parents at Nora Sterry.

After nearly a week off school, Carvalho says attendance is still below normal.

鈥淚 think where that attendance is lacking is in schools that were directly affected鈥� by the fires, Carvalho said.

Also hurting attendance, Carvalho said, is the fact that many families are enduring temporary relocations, while others lack stable housing entirely.

LAUSD staff attendance is back to normal, he said, while student attendance is about 88% 鈥� down , representing about 10,000 fewer students than normal.

 鈥淎s conditions of the families begin to normalize and stabilize, those [attendance] numbers will rise,鈥� said Carvalho.

For other schools in other areas of Los Angeles, recovery may be longer in the making. 

Bonnie Brinecomb, principal of  in Altadena, which burned to the ground in the Eaton Fire, estimates that the homes of 40% of the students enrolled in the school also burned.

Families and school staffers are scrambling to ensure displaced families have food, shelter and clothing, Brinecomb said. Some students are turning up for daycare at a nearby Boys and Girls Club that offered to take them in.  

Brinecomb said Odyssey has partnered with McFeat鈥檚 school Aveson to search for new facilities. But the double loss of students鈥� homes and the schools鈥� campuses is a gutpunch.  

鈥淚t鈥檚 just heartbreak. Pure shock,鈥� she said. 鈥淵ou don鈥檛 even process how bad of a situation just happened.鈥�

Like Aveson, Odyssey has  and Brinecomb says the school will rebuild. How long that will take, though, remains an open question.  

From the perspective of displaced children and families, the faster things return to normal, the better, said Dr. Frank Manis, professor emeritus of psychology at the University of Southern California. 

The experience of trauma can intensify if routines are disrupted for longer periods, and the intensity of the disruption matters as well, said Manis. Kids who lost their homes to fires may have a harder time bouncing back than those who only lost their schools, he said.    

鈥淚t鈥檚 sort of on that spectrum of wartime PTSD, but not as bad,鈥� said Manis. 鈥淪o what it could lead to is nightmares, difficulty sleeping, and emotional or behavior problems that can last for quite a while.鈥�

Children fighting post-traumatic stress from the fires may become withdrawn, or act out in class, said Manis. But mostly, he said, the  shows that even children badly impacted by the fires may begin to feel normal within a few months. 

鈥淜ids are pretty resilient,鈥� said Manis. 鈥淏ut trauma can disappear for a while, and then it can resurface later. When everyone鈥檚 forgotten how bad it was, it can resurface.鈥� 

Carlos Garcia Salda帽a drove past block after block of homes, businesses, and churches 鈥渨iped off the face of the earth.鈥� The Eaton fire that had consumed large parts of Altadena was still burning in the San Gabriel Mountains. The charter network leader needed to see what remained of his schools.

As Garcia Salda帽a approached Odyssey Charter School South, the facade and main entrance appeared intact. But as he looked left and up the hill, he saw a heap of twisted metal and charred rubble where, two days earlier, there had been classrooms, offices, lunch tables, play structures, and an after-school clubhouse. The tree stumps where students used to sit and eat and dream were still smoldering.

鈥淚t鈥檚 just jarring and heartbreaking,鈥� Garcia Salda帽a said.

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Over the past week, wind-whipped wildfires reshaped wide swaths of Los Angeles, and destroying more than 12,000 structures. A dozen or more . The danger is not yet past, with fires only partially contained and high winds forecast through Wednesday.

Hundreds of thousands of students were out of school last week as more than announced temporary closures due to poor air quality, shifting evacuation orders, and the many , , and who had lost their homes.

On Tuesday, California Gov. Gavin Newsom issued suspending many state rules governing schools to make it easier for schools to operate in temporary buildings and for students to enroll across district lines, as well as waiving requirements about instructional days.

In the Los Angeles Unified School District, the nation鈥檚 second-largest, a handful of schools in areas still under evacuation orders, including three that were neighborhood, remained closed early this week. The district announced that students from two ravaged Palisades elementary schools Wednesday from other district buildings on the city鈥檚 west side.

Santa Monica-Malibu Unified opened its Santa Monica campuses on Tuesday but kept schools in Malibu closed through Wednesday due to road closures and power and gas outages. Many local families have had to evacuate because of the proximity to the , and the district for affected families. Santa Monica-Malibu Unified also said it was monitoring air quality and that its facilities had air filtration systems in place.

In Pasadena Unified, the Eaton Fire, which started on Jan. 7, badly damaged five of its Altadena campuses, which housed a district middle school (whose student-led ), a defunct elementary school, and three charters, including Odyssey South, known as OCS South. Pasadena Unified said its schools will remain closed through this week but that it will offer self-directed online learning and grab-and-go meal service.

Close-knit community faces widespread losses

Now Garcia Salda帽a鈥檚 days are consumed with checking on the many families and staff who lost their homes and looking for a space where students could return to school as soon as possible.

Odyssey operates two Altadena charter schools, OCS South and Odyssey Charter, the network鈥檚 original school, which sustained minimal damage 鈥� some downed trees and smoke residue. The charter network, founded in 1999, now serves a total of 830 students in transitional kindergarten through 8th grade.

OCS South opened its doors in 2018 and relocated to its current location, on the grounds of the former Edison Elementary School, three years ago. Since then, the Odyssey community has set out to make the campus its own 鈥� painting murals, planting gardens, and replacing old play structures.

Over the weekend, Garcia Salda帽a sent a video message to families describing the damage to buildings at the two campuses. Odyssey Charter will require a major clean-up; the OCS South location was a near-total loss. But Odyssey isn鈥檛 about buildings, he said in the video, but about 鈥渢he community that makes us such a special and unique place that we all love so much.鈥�

Emmanuel Barragan, a father of three OCS South students, echoed that point as he dropped off his daughter and two sons at the Boys & Girls Club of Pasadena on Monday. School leaders know the name of every single child and what they need, he said, noting, 鈥淪ometimes, it almost feels like the school is a co-parent.鈥�

Odyssey partnered with the Boys & Girls Club to offer free child care this week. The club also alerted other local schools that its doors would be open this week to any school-age child in need of a safe place to be. The clubhouse was providing all-day programming, including arts and crafts, sports, and educational games, and waiving its drop-in fee.

More than 200 students had arrived by mid-morning on Monday. Garcia Salda帽a, better known to students as Dr. Carlos, was at the door to greet Odyssey families. He offered hugs as students made their way inside, and he checked in with caregivers about their housing status.

A survey of Odyssey鈥檚 roughly 650 families had yielded more than 300 responses, with 83 student households reporting 鈥渇ull loss of home & belongings.鈥� Others said they didn鈥檛 yet know the condition of their home. Four Odyssey employees, including the Odyssey Charter principal, also lost homes in the fire, Garcia Salda帽a said.

Altadena native Marcellus Nunley evacuated with his family around 3:45 a.m. on Jan. 8. Within hours, their home was gone. 鈥淓verything melted鈥� was how his 5-year-old son, an Odyssey Charter kindergartener, put it. Nunley dropped off his son at the Boys & Girls Club so he could spend the day managing the logistics of a family displaced by fire: calling the mortgage company, reaching out to the county tax assessor, and procuring all of the little life necessities he hadn鈥檛 given much thought to until they went up in flames.

The losses are exacerbated by Altadena residents鈥� love for their neighborhood, with its charming bungalows and craftsman homes, picturesque hiking trails, and beloved local businesses. 鈥淎ltadena is a diverse community, which is wonderful. It鈥檚 a walking community, it鈥檚 a dog walking community, it鈥檚 town and country,鈥� Nunley said. 鈥淚t鈥檚 a great melting pot of society.鈥�

Before the Eaton Fire, about 42,000 people resided in Altadena. Many Black families who faced housing discrimination in other Los Angeles neighborhoods in the 1960s. Today, Black residents make up about 18% of the population. Roughly a third of Altadena residents are Hispanic, about 40% are white, and there are many Asian American and biracial families.

The Odyssey student body reflects the community鈥檚 racial diversity. It鈥檚 also economically diverse, with about 30% qualifying for free or reduced-price lunch, according to Garcia Salda帽a.

Caitlin Reilly鈥檚 two sons, 10-year-old Townes and 8-year-old Ellar, are students at OCS South. When the Eaton Fire forced another Odyssey family to evacuate early on Jan. 8, they drove to the house Reilly shares with her partner and kids, located in a section of Pasadena outside of an evacuation zone.

For the next four days, the four adults and four children huddled together in the two-bedroom, one-bathroom home. The kids had an epic sleepover, and the parents stared at their devices, searching for the latest news about the fires engulfing Los Angeles.

Meanwhile, Odyssey families connected on social media and text chains, offering up what they could and asking for what they needed, Reilly said. They arranged indoor playdates so kids could be together without breathing the smoke-filled air. They replaced baseball bats and gloves for Little League players who had lost theirs to fire, and they organized backpack and supply drives. The school launched a to support recovery efforts.

Fire鈥檚 devastation leaves uncertainty about next steps

The evacuated family鈥檚 Altadena house is still standing, but their badly damaged neighborhood remained under evacuation orders this week. They secured a temporary rental, but Reilly fears that many local families who lost homes will have a hard time finding a place to stay.

鈥淭he fear is that it will be like Katrina,鈥� she said. The 2005 hurricane devastated New Orleans, damaged or destroyed , and . 鈥淲e鈥檙e worried that we鈥檒l lose so many families that are part of the community because there is nowhere to house them.鈥�

That would hit Odyssey hard, given the closeness of its community and the fact that its funding is tied to its enrollment numbers.

鈥淭here鈥檚 been cheerleading about cleaning up and rebuilding, but as far as logistically what comes next, I don鈥檛 think anyone knows yet,鈥� said Reilly, who serves on the Odyssey Charter Schools board.

Mary Scott, whose 10-year-old son, Charlie, attends OCS South, also fears dwindling enrollment at Odyssey. 鈥淭he reality is, these aren鈥檛 all well-off families, and now they have to find a place to rent and rebuild while also having to pay their mortgages,鈥� she said. 鈥淚 do worry about the families that have to relocate. It would be a tremendous loss.鈥�

Odyssey leadership acknowledges how much remains unknown: when schools will reopen in person, where classes will be held, how many families will stay local and how many will resettle elsewhere, and the extent to which the network will need to rely on remote learning.

Scott, for one, said she鈥檚 hoping to avoid remote learning because it was so difficult during COVID school closures when her son was in kindergarten and first grade. But if she had to choose between online schooling and leaving OCS South, she said would likely stay put because 鈥淚 don鈥檛 want to abandon our community.鈥�

Garcia Salda帽a said the COVID years taught him a lot about what works for online learning (shorter lessons, movement breaks) and what doesn鈥檛 (asking kids to sit still for two to three hours at a time). But he鈥檚 mostly focused on finding a temporary physical location so students can return in person as soon as possible.

At the same time, he鈥檚 still figuring out the availability of Odyssey鈥檚 115 employees, many of whom remain displaced, and asking teachers to reach out to each of their students.

鈥淚t鈥檚 about having a familiar voice on the other end of the line saying, 鈥榃hat do you need? How is your family?鈥欌�� he said. 鈥淲e are all human, first and foremost.鈥�

This was originally published by . Chalkbeat is a nonprofit news site covering educational change in public schools. .